An gano polyurethane [PU] tun daga shekara ta 1937 ta Otto Bayer da abokan aikinsa a dakunan gwaje-gwaje na IG Farben a Leverkusen, Jamus.Ayyukan farko da aka mayar da hankali kan samfuran PU da aka samu daga aliphatic diisocyanate da diamine forming polyurea, har sai an gano abubuwan ban sha'awa na PU da aka samu daga diisocyanate aliphatic da glycol.Polyisocyanates sun zama kasuwanci a cikin shekara ta 1952, jim kadan bayan samar da sikelin kasuwanci na PU an shaida (bayan yakin duniya na biyu) daga toluene diisocyanate (TDI) da polyester polyols.A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya (1952-1954), Bayer ya samar da tsarin polyester-polyisocyanate daban-daban.
Polyester polyols an maye gurbinsu da sannu-sannu da polyether polyols saboda fa'idodin su da yawa kamar ƙarancin farashi, sauƙin sarrafawa, da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na hydrolytic akan na farko.Poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), DuPont ne ya gabatar da shi a cikin 1956 ta hanyar polymerizing tetrahydrofuran, a matsayin polyether polyol na farko da aka samu na kasuwanci.Daga baya, a cikin 1957, BASF da Dow Chemical sun samar da polyalkylene glycols.Dangane da PTMG da 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), da ethylene diamine, wani fiber Spandex da ake kira Lycra ya samar da Dupont.Tare da shekaru goma, PU ta kammala karatun digiri daga kumfa PU masu sassauƙa (1960) zuwa kumfa PU mai tsauri (polyisocyanurate foams-1967) azaman wakilai masu busa da yawa, polyether polyols, da polymeric isocyanate kamar poly methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) ya zama samuwa.Waɗannan kumfa na PMDI na tushen PU sun nuna kyakkyawan juriya na zafi da jinkirin harshen wuta.
A cikin 1969, an ƙaddamar da fasahar PU Reaction Injection Molding [PU RIM] wacce ta ƙara haɓakawa zuwa Ƙarfafa Reaction Injection Molding [RRIM] yana samar da kayan aikin PU mai girma wanda a cikin 1983 ya samar da motar filastik-jiki ta farko a Amurka.A cikin 1990s, saboda karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin amfani da chloro-alkanes a matsayin dillalan busa (Montreal Protocol, 1987), wasu nau'ikan busa da yawa sun zubo a kasuwa (misali, carbon dioxide, pentane, 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3,3- pentafluoropropane).A lokaci guda, fakitin PU guda biyu, PU-polyurea SPRAY fasaha fasahar feshi sun shigo cikin wasan gaba, wanda ke da fa'ida mai mahimmanci na kasancewa mai rashin jin daɗi tare da saurin amsawa.Sa'an nan blossomed dabarun yin amfani da kayan lambu tushen polyols ga ci gaban PU.A yau, duniyar PU ta zo da nisa daga PU hybrids, PU composites, wadanda ba isocyanate PU, tare da m aikace-aikace a da dama daban-daban filayen.Abubuwan sha'awa a cikin PU sun taso saboda haɓakarsu mai sauƙi da ƙa'idar aikace-aikacen, sauƙi (ƙaɗan) masu amsawa na asali da manyan kaddarorin samfurin ƙarshe.Sassan ci gaba suna ba da taƙaitaccen bayanin albarkatun albarkatun da ake buƙata a cikin haɗin PU da kuma gabaɗayan sunadarai da ke cikin samar da PU.
Sanarwa:An nakalto labarin © 2012 Sharmin and Zafar, mai lasisi InTech.Sai kawai don sadarwa da koyo, kada ku yi wasu dalilai na kasuwanci, baya wakiltar ra'ayi da ra'ayoyin kamfanin, idan kuna buƙatar sake bugawa, tuntuɓi marubucin asali, idan akwai ƙetare, da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu nan da nan don yin sharewa.